Translation Studies Lecture Essay Example for Free

displacement reaction Studies Lecture EssayIntroduction Translation and Translation Studies Translation and Translation Studies (Definition and a brief history of the clear up) Hermes the god of thieves and liars is also the god of interpreting. tho he has so many other tasks as the god of roads, commerce, travel (these can be machine-accessible to interpreting) as well as arts, magic and crafts not talking nearly matrimonial matchmaking A interpretive program has, at least, as many tasks and roles when translating that I hope to show you this marge. As a translator, Hermes is a courier from the gods to humans. As an interpreter who bridges the boundaries with strangers he is a hermeneus.So the word hermeneutics for the art of interpreting vague meaning can also be traced back to his name. (By the way in Greek a well-fixed find was also a hermaion. ) What is translation? 1/ oral form is called interpreting or version 2/ written form is called translation that has r oughly 2 main categories from our point of view (a) specialized translation (b) literary translation (Task Look up the word in variant dictionaries and see how different explanations work) e. g translation (an on-line dictionary mind the phrase underlined do you agree?) a written talk in a second talking to having the same meaning as the written conference in a first language a uniform movement without rotation (see the meaning of Hungarian word forditas) cf. Whats in a Word? my lecture of April 08, 2007 now an article in Faces of side of meat soon in print the act of changing in form or shape or port a photograph is a translation of a scene onto a deuce-dimensional surface and so forthtera The most common explanation translation is the expression in one language ( set language TL) what has been verbalised in the rootage language (SL) Meaning the notion of movement btw.languages of some kind of content and consideration of obligation to find equivalents (expression commonly used in the 1960s and 70s linguistic schools) which preserve features of the original Is agree equivalence possible? There is no absolute synonymy btw. words in the same language even less btw. different languages (one of the causes some say it is impossible to translate). sg. lost or gained in the edge translators betraying the authors intentions (cf Hermes Italian proverb traduttore traditore). translator is a traitor a fordito ferdito (Kosztolanyi ABECE a forditasrol.Gondolat, 1957) The term Translation has several meanings Translation the general subject field, the abstract concept encompassing the other two Translating the process, the activity (our main worrys during the term) A Translation the product, the translated school textbook, the target language text A theory of translation must explain both the process and the product. Previously it was rather the product theorists tried to analyse, later interest turned towards the process, and translation today is as much about the translation of cultural, political, and historical contexts and concepts as it is about language.(cf. The cultural turn of the 1990s the offshoot of a new discipline called Cultural Studies that uses translation more(prenominal)over literary translation as its main field of comparative analysis all these have generated the emergence of an independent discipline called Translation Studies. ) Cf. translation turn in Cultural Studies translating cultures is not cultural translation see Rushdie= a translated man (LITERARY) TRANSLATION v v Linguistics (applied linguistics) Literature (comparative literature)Both fields dealt with it marginally and created their own translation theories, explanations (by researchers in linguistics and in literature but not translators ) First linguists facial expression for basic similarities in languages computers, machine translation They try to understand the mental process of translation what happens in the black box the mind o f the translator. (Input and output) 1)Psychological studies cognitive science (a) perception (b) information processing (encoding and rewrite of messages) ( c )memory 2)Language (concerned with psychological a social aspects)(a)psycholinguistics the process in the mind of the translator focus on decoding and encoding (b)sociolinguistics place SLT and TLT in their cultural contexts focus on the participants (nature of the message how codes are used etc) (results make possible to create computer programmes that work in the case of simple bodys such as METEO wear forecast uses a relatively small vocabulary cf. Lecture 3. ) All translation is discourse (and all communication is translation) The basic scheme (monolingual) 1/ receive signals containing messages in a communicative system 2/ deconstruct.3/ reconstruct (vertical transfer e. g. historical epochs horizontal transfer e. g. social classes)(cf. readers interpretation of a text) The basic scheme ( BILINGUAL ) The translato r is a communicator, a mediating agent btw. 2 different languages 2 different monolingual language communities decodes message transmitted in one lang. and re-encodes it in another. The main diff. lies in the encoding, re-encoding process the message must be re-encoded into a different language the same message as received aimed at a group of receivers who are not the same as the original vectorFaced by a text we have to work out 1) the semantic sense of words, sentences 2) its communicative value 3) its place in time and space 4) information about the participants involved both in its production and reception There are 6 questions to consider 1 WHAT? message contained in the text 2 WHY? intention of the sender (purpose of the text issued underlying structure informing persuading, flattering etc. but text usually possess more than a single use of goods and services multiple function task of the receiver to find primary intention, function 3 WHEN? time of communication rea lized in the text (e. g.historical context past, present, future) 4 HOW? a) manner of delivery (serious, ironic) tenor of discourse b) medium of communication (channels verbal, writing) mode of discourse 5 WHERE? place of communication (physical location realized in text) 6 WHO? Participants involved in communication (sender source language, receiver target language (reveal characteristics of speaker/writer as individual) Lets see the a model of communication in the case of translation proper 1 translator receives signal 1 containing message 2 recognizes code 1 3 decodes signal 1 source language 4 retrieves message5 comprehends message - 6 translator selects code 2 target language 7 encodes message by means of code 2 8 selects channel 9 transmits signal 2 containing message (Bell 19).As a result there are 2 codes, 2 signals 2 texts 2 sets of content (more than 1 message) as there is no 100% equivalence 2 kinds of explanation Translation process transformation of SL text into TL t ext by means of processes, which set about place within memory 1) analysis of SL text (language specific) into a non-lang. specific, universal semantic representation (cf.metatext) 2) subtraction of it into another lang. specific (TL) text Theory wont solve translators problems but helps when looking for solutions in particular cases. (more conscious ).What is the unit of translation? Word, phrase, sentence, paragraph but one has to have the whole text (with its special qualities) in mind when trying to find solutions What is translation studies? A new academic discipline that is a) multilingual, b) interdisciplinary James Holmes defined it as the complex of problems clustered round the phenomenon of translating and translation. It is really the discipline of the 1990s1)a number of specialized translating and interpreting courses (in the UK. at least 20 postgraduate courses in 2000) and even more BA course at departments of translation in a number of European and non-European coun tries. / A smaller number of schools specialized in literary translation (but nearly everywhere in Europe ) 2) conferences and workshops (organized by universities and international societies e. g. EST) 3) journals Babel (NL), Meta (Ca), Target (Israel/Belgium) 4) Publisher specialized on TS Multilingual Matters, John Benjamins, Rodopi, Routledge, St. Jerome.